Soliton Carrier Instability as a Communication System Noise Problem

The soliton pulse and its characteristics are defined. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) noise power spectral density in the fiber is derived. Superposition of amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) noise on the soliton signal results in a random frequency shift of the soliton carrier (so called Gordon-Haus effect). This frequency shift is solved as a communication system noise problem and the result is used to determine the maximum permissible system length with the presumed BER < 10 -9. Possible methods which can suppress the Gordon - Haus effect are listed.