prošireni sažetak izlaganja sa skupa
Nearly zero energy standard is an obligation for all new buildings in the European Union since the beginning of the year 2020. Improved energy efficiency and the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources are expected to reduce significantly CO2 emissions from buildings. Operational energy (for heating, domestic hot water, cooling etc.) represents a large share of the energy use in buildings, but it is still only a segment in overall energy use during the life cycle of a building. Another major share is construction and production of building materials. For the buildings with the poor energy performance and fossil fuels as the main energy source, overall operational energy CO2 emissions exceed embodied energy emissions by several times. As energy sources shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy, operational and embodied energy ratio is changing. This article compares operational energy CO2 emissions for buildings that meet the nearly zero energy standards with those that do not, as well as embodied energy CO2 emissions for the different types of load bearing construction. Analysis is performed on a single-family house in Zagreb, Croatia, that meets the current national standards. Operational energy CO2 emissions comparison is made for: standard natural gas boiler, condensing natural gas boiler combined with photovoltaic solar panels, air to water heat pump and wood pellets boiler. Embodied energy CO2 emissions comparison is made for: reinforced concrete walls and slabs, perforated brick walls with semi-prefabricated ceiling and timber frame construction.
nearly zero energy building, CO2 emissions, operational energy, embodied energy, single-family house
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