Spelling Dictionaries/Orthographies

This chapter outlines European general spelling dictionaries issued by authoritative sources that are typically responsible for establishing spelling norms. Approximately 30 European standard languages have been analyzed. Despite significant differences, the tradition of spelling lexicography is firmly established in most countries. Like orthographic manuals, spelling dictionaries serve as important indicators of the state of spelling norms and broader language policies within specific social contexts. The chapter presents several key indicators, including the aspect of language ideologies, authorities and publishers, the scope and degree of prescriptivism, and the overall significance of spelling dictionaries.