Microgrid Monitoring Protection and Control Based on Synchronized Measurements

Smart microgrids are small modern centralized power systems which contain all constituents as large power systems (production – usually Renewable energy sources (RES) ; power storage systems ; transfer – from the source to the consumer ; consumers). The basic characteristic is that the microgrid may be controlled just like a large power system and it can be in the island operation or connected to a large power system. Smart microgrids have precisely determined limits, they are uniquely controllable entities and may operate both in connection to the power system and in island operation. In an increasing number of cases, by connecting the RES on the distribution network, real time monitoring, protection and control of microgrids, just as the surrounding smart power grid, should be upgraded, in order to retain the stability of the entire power system. Real time monitoring, protection and control of microgrid based on synchronized measurement technology (SMT) requires hardware (Phasor Measurement Unit – PMU) and the appertaining software support. This paper presents the solution for protection and control of microgrids based on SMT. PMU devices transfer measurements to the central controller, which by applying certain algorithms that provide an image of the microgrid condition in real time, and also make adaptive protection and control. The central controller is connected to the monitoring and control of RES in order to coordinate certain activities and maintain the stability of the microgrid.