Jamming-spoofing-meaconing-resilient GNSS performance at the open sea

Satellite navigation has become a public good, with the growing number of navigation and non- navigation applications being established on the technology. Potential threats on GNSS performance and operation have become the increasing concern of developers, operators and users of GNSS-founded systems and services, with the especial emphasis given to malicious artificial attacks, such as jamming, spoofing and meaconing (JSM). A targeted artificial attack on GNSS performance and operation can cause a considerable material damage and affects lifes. Here the potential consequences of the artificial attack on GNSS performance on the vessel navigation at the open sea are addressed, and a combined technological- procedural mitigation scheme for JMS- resilient GNSS Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) performance at the open sea is proposed. Through the technology-supported modifications of navigation procedures a reasonable GNSS Quality of Positioning at the open sea can be achieved, overcoming the potential malicious attack on the vessel in the area with the reduced supporting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure.