Impact of using LCA analysis on the selection of roof structures for family homes

Traditional construction of family houses includes the use of materials such as concrete and brick for the structural system and wood for the roof structure. The choice of roof type depends on various factors, including architectural concepts, climatic conditions, functional and structural requirements, as well as local spatial plans and building regulations. A flat or pitched roof, and the choice between concrete or wood, is ultimately determined by the architect or investor. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a key method for evaluating the environmental impact of buildings throughout their entire lifespan. It includes an analysis from material production, through construction and use, to the end of the building’s life cycle. This LCA assessment compares the environmental impact of two houses with different structural systems: one house is made of reinforced concrete with a flat roof, while the other has a wooden roof structure and a pitched roof. The goal of the analysis is to determine the differences in greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and material sustainability throughout the entire life cycle of the buildings. A concrete house with a flat roof has a higher carbon footprint due to the energy-intensive production of cement and steel. On the other hand, a house with a wooden roof structure and a pitched roof utilizes renewable materials, reducing overall CO₂ emissions. Additionally, wooden structures provide better thermal insulation, contributing to lower energy consumption during the building's use phase. The analysis highlights the importance of choosing construction materials and roof design in the context of sustainability. While concrete construction offers greater durability and resistance, a brick house with a pitched roof demonstrates better environmental performance due to its lower environmental impact and the possibility of recycling materials. Sustainable approaches in construction, such as the use of wooden elements and energy-efficient solutions, can significantly reduce the environmental footprint of buildings.