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According to the recently prepared 3rd Revision of the Krško NPP Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Disposal Program, low and intermediate level waste (LILW) will be divided in equal parts to be separately managed by Slovenia and Croatia.
After several years of negotiation, disposal at the Slovenian LILW repository in Vrbina was not agreed upon as a joint solution. The Intergovernmental Agreement requires that each country removes its share of waste from the NPP premises by 2025 – unless the joint solution is found by 2023, which now appears most unlikely.
However, full implementation of separate LILW management by 2025 does not appear much more likely either. To say nothing about rational aspects of the national LILW
management plans.
Construction of the Slovenian repository (not yet really started) will be rather demanding and expensive (and certainly cannot be quite completed before 2025). And even more expensive are the compensations to the local community, already being paid for about a decade. Development of the Croatian radioactive waste management center is at the stage of initial natural background radiation measurements, on the prospective site in a hostile community. Establishment of a simple surface storage facility, in the first phase, might be completed within several years (though not as early as planned, in 2023), at worst by circumventing the local community consent by the State issued administrative provisions.
And yet, it would not be entirely impossible to remove the LILW from the NPP “somewhere around 2025”. Slovenia perhaps can move its share to the nearby Vrbina disposal site even before serious repository construction works begin, and carry out any remaining treatment activities on that site.
Croatia plans to send its share to a third country, for conditioning and packaging. The shipments can begin and proceed even before the Croatian storage facility is completed.
However, given the fact that many details of the waste division and take-over (legal, technical and practical) have not yet been fully clarified, it is highly unlikely that the LILW
removal will be fully completed in 2025. Therefore, both countries will probably tacitly tolerate 1019.1 1019.2
minor departures from the Intergovernmental Agreement, rather than attempt any small modifications.
The authors, on the contrary, propose that Slovenia and Croatia undertake an explicit modification of the Intergovernmental Agreement before 2023, in order to postpone the 2025 waste removal deadline for at least a decade or more. Such modification - would eliminate the need for hasty implementation of the present management plans, in
which optimal solutions might be overlooked, - - may facilitate financing of these plans, through postponement of major expenses, and could even open possibilities for serious revisions of present plans, so that at least some elements of joint management might be included.
The authors are convinced that present plans are not very rational solution for management of small LILW quantities from a single medium NPP. The paper discusses the outlined potential advantages of the proposed Agreement modification, arguing that more rational LILW management options may still be possible.
radioactive waste, NPP Krško
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