prošireni sažetak izlaganja sa skupa
This paper deals with the application of artificial intelligence, especially ChatGPT, in the medical sector through the web application e-Doctor. The paper of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides an insight into the basic concepts of artificial intelligence, its history, types, and applications, with an emphasis on the medical sector. Modern technology is still some way from achieving “third wave AI” capabilities, also known as “artificial general intelligence” or “strong AI” [1, 2]. These terms refer to the AI systems that approach super-intelligence, going beyond narrow tasks to approach other challenges in a way that approaches human or super-intelligence [2, 3]. This notion of AI transforming the medical profession is also echoed in literature, such as Robin Cook’s novel Cell (2014), where a smartphone-based system called iDoc acts as a fully capable personal physician, outperforming human doctors. This fictional scenario reflects real-world discussions about the evolving role of AI in healthcare, as explored through the e-Doctor application in this paper. The paper includes various diagrams to illustrate the system structure, including business processes, data models, and user activities. The practical part of the paper focuses on the development of a prototype web application, e-Doctor, which utilizes ChatGPT. ChatGPT acts as a virtual assistant for users, answering any medical-related questions they may have. The web application offers functionalities such as viewing medical data, sending questions to the virtual assistant, and generating personalized meal plans. The main goal of the web application is to reduce the administrative workload on medical workers and improve the quality of medical services [4, 5, 6]. With the development of technology and digital systems, the daily lifestyle is undergoing significant changes. As one of the most significant technological advances of today, dating back to the mid-20th century, artificial intelligence today has applications in various tries, especially in healthcare. Digitalization enables faster and more efficient access
to information, and the advancement of artificial intelligence brings new opportunities to improve health services [7]. The motivation for creating this paper stems from the incredible possibilities that artificial intelligence brings, enabling complex problems to be solved and new pathways to be discovered in the fight against disease. Previously, we
were not aware that this technology would become a key tool in improving diagnostics, treatment and access to health information [8]. In this paper, the goal is to show the integration of ChatGPT with the e-Citizens portal through the development of a prototype of the e-Doctor web application. The e-Doctor web application provides insight into
how artificial intelligence can improve access to health information, enabling faster and more accurate responses to patients [9, 10]. The main goal of the web application is to
make it easier for patients to access health information, and to reduce the administrative burden on healthcare professionals [11]. During the preparation of the paper, various
websites, books, professional and scientific articles with appropriate topics were used for the purpose of writing the paper. The paper consists of a theoretical and a practical part. At the very beginning of the paper, the definition of artificial intelligence is explained, as well as its history, types, branches and applications. After that, the basic characteristics of ChatGPT and e-Citizens are presented. After applying the knowledge about the characteristics of e-Citizens, a visual representation of the diagram is displayed, which will be crucial when creating the e-Doctor web application. The diagrams that will be shown are the use case diagram, activity diagram, work diagram, business process model, sequence diagram, data model diagrams [12, 13]. During the practical implementation, the technologies that were used in the work are listed. Finally, the functionality of the prototype of the e-Doctor web application for improving access to health information is presented. When creating application system, several programming languages and technologies were used to ensure the functionality, interactivity, and adaptability of the application. For the basic structure and organization of the content on the website, HTML was used. HyperText Markup Language). CSS Cascading Style Sheets are used to style elements, i.e. to customize the color, font, and appearance of a page. Bootstrap is a front-end framework that offers predefined components and styles, which made it possible to quickly create a user interface. A MySQL database was used to store and manage data. In the background part of the application, PHP is used. Hypertext Preprocessor) Symfony 6 framework that enabled the overall functionality of the application such as database work, authentication, server-side logic, etc. Also, when implementing chat functionality for VirtualDoc and DocAssist, JavaScript AJAX was used to enable asynchronous sending and receiving of data from the server without the need to reload the page after each question asked. This way leads to a better and faster user experience. Cybersecurity is an arms race and the fight against cybercrime has moved inside the network. Data can be stolen, services interrupted, and systems destroyed once a network perimeter security is breached. Technological solutions to cyber threats dominate the landscape (e.g. security architecture, artificial intelligence – AI, machine learning). In order to develop dynamic, adaptive systems, researchers are using artificial intelligence models to simulate cyber wargame scenarios. The main goal was to show the application of artificial intelligence in today’s time. The application of artificial intelligence has become indispensable in many areas, but its impact in healthcare is particularly highlighted, which forms the basis of this
paper. In the practical part, the focus is on ChatGPT, an advanced language model developed by OpenAI [14, 15, 16]. In the paper, ChatGPT was used as a virtual assistant in the e-Doctor app as a virtual assistant to provide health information and advice that facilitates communication between patient and doctor. Through diagrams of use cases, activities and business processes, key processes within the application are visually shown. The development of a prototype of the e-Doctor web application is an important step in the modernization of health services, providing patients and healthcare professionals with faster and easier access to information. The prototype thus shows the potential for
improving the quality of health care, reducing waiting for information and better managing patient data. In order to further improve the functionality and efficiency of the e-Doctor application, it is necessary to include the following activities in the next stages of development. The first activity involves integration with real health data by establishing an Application Programming Interface (API) connection to connect the application to the health system database. As far as security upgrades are concerned, it is necessary to further ensure data privacy, which is achieved by replacing the current authentication system, with the system of the National Identification and Authentication System NIAS
and e-Authorization. According to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a regular revision of safety requirements is required. Users with certain disabilities such as
blindness and visual impairment will try to improve accessibility by enlarging fonts, using screen readers, high contrast, etc. For patients, it is planned to introduce the possibility
of direct video consultations with doctors via the application, which will enable the integration of the video call system. The final activity involves conducting user experience
testing to identify potential issues or improvements.
artificial intelligence, ChatGPT; healthcare; virtual assistant; web application; implementation; PHP; MySQL
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