izvorni znanstveni rad
Levelling already employ geodesy for some centuries. In this time a constant advancement of the instruments and measuring procedures took place. Transmission of heights over waters is a special and relatively fastidious task. The conditions for error influences, like the refraction, are particularly incalculable over open water surfaces. A generally used method of height transmission by means of a millimetre-accuracy geometrical levelling, can be excluded here as suitable procedure. For this reason some decades ago a procedure was developed, particularly for those height transmission over larger waters and/or valleys one conceived. According this procedure in Republic of Croatia in the summer 1961 the height transmission over the channel, that separates the island Rab from the mainland, was made. Apart from sea-transition levelling there are further procedures, with whose assistance transfer of heights could be done. These procedures are, due to their smaller accuracy, behind this special levelling. In the meantime, because of technique development particularly regarding economy, the procedures are in a big advantage. From this reason is to be examined, to what extent this special task with appropriate accuracy by other measuring procedures could be mastered. As possible alternative to sea-transition levelling we used two procedures for transmission of heights. Firstly we used GPS measurements, which find various application possibilities into ever more fields of geodesy. With this procedure also transmissions of heights can be realized with relatively small undertaking. Secondly we used the trigonometric levelling, which is suitable in principle likewise for an elevation transmission over waters., The comparative investigation of the procedures of trigonometric and GPS levelling measurements, which we employed, will show whether we are able to find an up-to-date alternative for the verified, but complex, sea-transition levelling. The measurement locally was accomplished in November 2007 with two LEICA TC(A) 2003 total station and four TRIMBLE R7 receiver. As a control of the measurements will be used the required difference in height between both bank sides, which was determined in the year 1961.
transmission of heights over waters; geometrical levelling; GPS measurements; trigonometric levelling
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