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Varaždin County is underlain by Neogene and Quaternary clays and marls that are prone to landslides triggered by intense rainfall. In this study, a landslide risk assessment was carried out for nine municipalities during 2023–2025 using open-source QGIS software and Sentinel-2 imagery. The analysis integrated static factors (slope, aspect, land use) with the dynamic factor NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and a weighted linear combination. Slope was assigned the highest weight (40%), while NDVI contributed 20%. The results reveal clear spatial contrasts: mountainous municipalities (Donja Voća, Klenovnik, Bednja, Lepoglava, Ivanec) show high to very high landslide risk, whereas lowland municipalities along the Drava River (Cestica, Petrijanec, Maruševec) remain largely stable. Temporal differences are small, with 2023 showing the highest landslide risk and 2024 the lowest. NDVI-driven fluctuations reflect vegetation dynamics but are less influential than topography. Overall, the findings demonstrate the value of open data and free GIS tools for regional hazard mapping. The produced maps provide useful guidance for spatial planning and disaster risk management, while also pointing to the potential of integrating additional datasets in future studies to further improve the robustness of the approach.
remote sensing; QGIS; landslide risk; slope; aspect; land use; NDVI.
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